Autonomous vehicles.

Senator Pérez's autonomous vehicle legislation redefines California's regulatory approach to self-driving cars by expanding oversight to include Level 2 automation systems and accelerating zero-emission requirements. The bill modifies the Vehicle Code's definition of autonomous vehicles to encompass vehicles capable of sustained automated steering and intentional lane changes, while moving up the zero-emission mandate to 2028 for new autonomous vehicles under 8,501 pounds.

The legislation establishes an Autonomous Vehicle Regulatory Fund and authorizes the Department of Motor Vehicles to implement comprehensive oversight measures, including specialized driver licensing, training requirements, and testing protocols. Manufacturers must maintain $5 million in insurance coverage and equip vehicles made after January 2028 with systems to detect unattended children and pets. The bill also creates criminal penalties for unauthorized modifications that add autonomous capabilities to conventional vehicles, with violations carrying fines up to $10,000 and potential imprisonment.

The Department of Motor Vehicles must develop regulations covering training standards, application fees, and enforcement penalties while consulting with the California Highway Patrol and transportation experts on safety requirements. The legislation preserves federal preemption of state regulations while requiring manufacturers to disclose data collection practices to vehicle purchasers. Local agencies and school districts face no additional costs under the measure's provisions.